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Iamb (poetry)
An iamb or iambus is a metrical foot used in various types of poetry. Originally the term referred to one of the feet of the quantitative meter of classical Greek prosody: a short syllable followed by a long syllable (as in "delay"). This terminology was adopted in the description of accentual-syllabic verse in English, where it refers to a foot comprising an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (as in a-bove).
==Etymology==
(詳細はR. S. P. Beekes has suggested that the ''iambos'' has a Pre-Greek origin.〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 572.〕 An old hypothesis is that the word is borrowed from Phrygian or Pelasgian, and literally means "Einschritt", i. e., "one-step", compare ''dithyramb'' and ''thriambus'', but H. S. Versnel rejects this etymology and suggests instead a derivation from a cultic exclamation. The word may be related to Iambe, a Greek minor goddess of verse, especially scurrilous, ribald humour. In ancient Greece iambus was mainly satirical poetry, lampoons, which did not automatically imply a particular metrical type. Iambic metre took its name from being characteristic of ''iambi'', not vice versa.〔Studies in Greek elegy and iambus By Martin Litchfield West Page 22 ISBN 3-11-004585-0〕
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